A new study that followed participants for 20 years shows both weight and risk for diabetes decreased for people in communities where fast food prices increased.
The University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill study, published in the March 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, also showed the reverse – when fast food prices fell, then consumption, weight and diabetes risks rose.
“These results indicate that increasing the price of fast foods and sodas can affect adult behavior, and steer them toward healthier diets, lower weight and less risk of diabetes,” senior author Barry Popkin, PhD, the Carla Smith Chamblee distinguished professor of nutrition at UNC’s Gillings School of Global Public Health, said in a news release.
Popkin said taxes have been proposed on fast foods and soft drinks in some states, such as New York. In a number of countries, including Denmark and others in Europe, they are used to discourage consumption and encourage healthy diets.
“This study gives us strong scientific evidence that price policies, including taxes, could actually be effective at helping control obesity and the resulting chronic diseases, like diabetes,” Popkin said. “Our results provide robust evidence to support the potential health benefits of taxing selected foods and beverages as a way of improving public health.”
Popkin and his colleagues used data from more than 5,000 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. When it started in 1985, CARDIA participants lived in four U.S. cities. In the intervening years, participants have moved to 48 states. Researchers collected information on the average prices of products, including restaurant pizza, burgers, soft drinks and whole milk in the counties in which each participant lived. Prices were adjusted to 2006 levels.
When researchers analyzed the diet, weight and insulin levels of study participants, they found that when prices of fast foods and sodas went up just 10%, participants consumed on average 7.1% fewer calories from soda and 11.5% fewer calories from pizza. That translates to about 56 calories less per day, which corresponds to a reduction of about 3 to 4 pounds a year per person, Popkin said. The participants who found their fast food prices rose also gained less weight and had a lower risk for diabetes based on a test for fasting insulin (HOMA-IR).
